The next generation of cancer therapies requires robust in vitro testing to evaluate therapeutic efficacy and inherent toxicity. Recent reports from multiple agencies have highlighted a shift away from animal models toward biologically relevant human in vitro models. The landscape of long-term primary human tumor models has advanced significantly in recent years, providing the framework for robust ex vivo testing platforms. We have established long-term tumoroid models from primary dissociated human tumors that can be propagated through multiple passages and cryopreserved without loss of viability.
